Understanding Interpretation: The Art of Communication Across Languages
Interpretation is the art of communication that enables people to understand each other even if they speak different languages. It involves the transfer of meaning from one language to another, often in real-time situations where accuracy and speed are crucial. In this article, we will explore what interpretation is, the different types of interpretation, and the skills needed to become a successful interpreter.
What is Interpretation?
Interpretation is the process of rendering spoken or signed language into another language, while maintaining the meaning and intent of the original message. It is different from translation, which involves the transfer of written text from one language to another. Interpretation takes place in many settings, including business meetings, conferences, medical appointments, legal proceedings, media events, and diplomatic negotiations.
There are two primary modes of interpretation: simultaneous and consecutive. Simultaneous interpretation is when the interpreter listens to the speaker and renders the message into the target language in real-time. Consecutive interpretation is when the interpreter listens to the speaker, takes notes, and then presents the message in the target language. Interpretation can also be whispered or chuchotage, which is when the interpreter whispers the interpretation to the listener without disturbing the surrounding environment.
Types of Interpretation
There are several types of interpretation, each requiring different skills and expertise. Conference interpretation is one of the most demanding, as it involves simultaneous interpretation in multilingual settings. Conference interpreters work in teams of two or more and use special equipment, such as headsets and microphones, to receive and transmit the interpretation. Conference interpretation can be further divided into different types, such as consecutive interpretation (speaking after the speaker), simultaneous interpretation (speaking at the same time as the speaker), and whispered interpretation (speaking in a low voice to one or two listeners).
Another type of interpretation is community interpretation, which involves interpreting for individuals and groups who do not speak the language of the majority. Community interpreters work in healthcare, education, social services, legal services, and other fields to ensure that non-English speakers are able to access services that are essential for their well-being. Community interpreters need to be proficient in the language pair they are interpreting, but they also need to have cultural competence and knowledge of the communities they serve.
Skills Needed to Become an Interpreter
Becoming a professional interpreter requires a combination of linguistic, cognitive, and interpersonal skills. Linguistic skills include fluency in at least two languages, familiarity with idiomatic expressions, and the ability to interpret accurately and clearly. Cognitive skills include active listening, memory recall, note-taking, and the ability to think critically and quickly. Interpersonal skills include empathy, cultural sensitivity, professionalism, and the ability to maintain neutrality and confidentiality.
Professional interpreters also need to be familiar with the codes of ethics and standards of practice for the interpreting profession. These guidelines promote professionalism, accuracy, impartiality, confidentiality, and respect for clients and colleagues. Professional interpreters are often certified or accredited by national or international organizations, such as the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC), the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators (NAJIT), or the Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters (CCHI).
In conclusion, interpretation is a vital component of communication across languages and cultures. It enables individuals and groups to exchange information, build relationships, and achieve common goals, despite linguistic and cultural barriers. Becoming a successful interpreter requires a commitment to lifelong learning, professional development, and ethical standards, as well as a passion for the art of communication.
